Jazz Rap / Hip-Hop
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After plumbing the depths of the James Brown catalog in the late 1980s, many rap artists began looking for new beats and grooves over which to rhyme. Some dug into P-Funk, others mined old soul catalogues, but an inventive few -- Gang Starr, A Tribe Called Quest, and the Jungle Brothers, among others -- turned to jazz. As Jazz Rap/Hip-hop evolved, so too did jazz musicians' interest in working with established rappers. Legendary bassist Ron Carter played on Tribe's Low End Theory album (1991), while Guru collaborated with Donald Byrd, Lonnie Liston Smith, and others to realize his Jazzmatazz project (1993). These alliances led to actual instrument-toting Rap bands, most notably the Roots, seamlessly fusing the genres together for an organic and unmistakably live sound.